School PRONews Magazine

The course of Legal Clinic is a predominantly practical course that incorporates all the knowledge accumulated by students throughout the years of studies. The course is structured around three main pillars: mock trials based on real cases in the fields of civil law, criminal law, administrative and fiscal litigation, family law, and environmental law. In these trials, students take on the roles of judges, lawyers, public prosecutors, judicial experts, and witnesses. They learn the practical aspects of conducting a trial, drafting the necessary procedural documents, and, as student-judges, reasoning and writing judicial decisions; contract drafting and negotiation: students acquire hands-on skills in negotiating and drafting legal documents relevant to business, notarial, and legal practice; meetings with legal professionals, who will share their professional experience and insights with the students.

The course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Liviu-Marius Harosa.

In the logical sequence for the study of tax law, the Tax Litigation course is an optional course for the second year of study. The lectures and discussions, along with the proposed practical applications, aim to familiarize students with the national tax procedure, in a first phase, and then with the rules of the tax process. In addition, due to the connections that the national tax procedure has, on the one hand, with European tax procedures, and on the other hand with the rules for avoiding double taxation at international level, the framework of the discussion is broadened and allows students taking this course to have an overview of national, European and international tax procedures.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Cosmin Flavius Costaș.

The European Private Litigation course is a facultative course at Bachelor level, offered to the students in the fourth year of study. Its aim is to familiarize the students with the instruments of civil procedure developed for the creation or the European Area of freedom, security and justice, in order to solve specific problems raised by cross-border private litigation in EU. It addresses, on the one hand, the rules regarding the international jurisdiction of the EU Member States’ courts in civil and commercial matters (contractual and non-contractual disputes, consumer, labor or insurance disputes), and, on the other hand, the rules regarding the circulation of judgments in the European area. The theoretical aspects are complemented by various practical cases, including from the CJEU’s case law, so as to facilitate the understanding of the subject and to enable students to actively use the concepts, the rules and solutions discussed.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Elena Alina Oprea.

The Distribution Agreements course aims to train students in mainly practical skills in a niche segment of private (commercial) law. The drafting of distribution contracts, the implications of mandatory regulations in the field, will be treated from the perspective of a legal practitioner.Interactive lectures, dialogue and teamwork in seminars will provide students with a solid foundation of knowledge about a particular, little-analyzed field, the only specialized course at undergraduate level at law schools in Romania.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Șerban Diaconescu.

The Forensic Science course is a compulsory subject in the fourth year of study. Its curriculum is structured according to the tripartite classification of criminalistics and addresses the following core components: criminalistic technique – focused on the methods used for the discovery, collection, and examination of both macro and micro traces; criminalistic tactics – involving the principles and rules for organizing and conducting evidence-gathering activities such as crime scene investigation, reconstruction, interviewing, and searches; criminalistic methodology – covering the procedures, techniques, logical-tactical sequences, and specific tools used in the investigation of various types of crimes, depending on their nature. In addition to its interdisciplinary dimension, the course places a strong emphasis on practical and applied training. Students will take part in hands-on activities focused on the detection, and collection of fingerprint traces and other types of physical evidence, with the aim of developing the skills necessary for forensic investigation.

The discipline of Criminology aims to form the students’ ability to use criminological knowledge in the elaboration of a criminal normative framework, in understanding the existing criminal normative framework or in applying this knowledge in judicial practice. That is why the subject of the discipline proposes to students that they know the rational and irrational motivation for which a person engages in criminal conduct, as it is presented by the classical criminological doctrine. Within the study of this discipline, it is proposed to familiarize students with the main traditional criminological schools, to know and understand the new directions and methods of criminological research, to develop the ability to analyze criminal behavior. In the second part of the course, certain antisocial behaviors are studied (for example, juvenile crime, corruption, etc). The analysis will start from the knowledge of the reality of the Romanian and European criminal phenomenon. Finally, we want students to familiarize themselves with how a criminal sanction is individualized.

The course is taught by Prof. PhD Sergiu Bogdan.

The course represents the first contact of the first-year student with the activity of public administration, that of implementing the law. Therefore, after a brief introduction to the subject, which includes its fundamental notions as well as the major principles of law involved, the main administrative organization systems (centralization, deconcentration, decentralization) are analyzed in order to be able to draw fair conclusions regarding the organization and functioning of the public administration system in Romania. Then, the administrative act, the main form of administrative activity animated by public power, is put under the microscope: its definition and exorbitant features, classifications, conditions of validity (competence, form and procedure of issuance, lawful object and opportunity), entry into force and different ways of losing legal force (among which revocation, with its complex rules, occupies the central place) as well as the main sanction – nullity, illustrates the detailed analysis of this fundamental institution of administrative law.

The course is taught by Prof. PhD Ovidiu Podaru.

The course represents a natural sequel of the subject matter studied in the previous semester. First part focusses on the issue of the administrative contract, as an assimilated administrative act: public procurement, concessions (including the concession of goods, regulated by the Administrative Code) and public-private partnership (PPP) are analyzed. Then, the second large part of the course is dedicated to the analysis of the Administrative Law of goods: the public domain, the private domain of the state and administrative-territorial units and expropriations. Finally, administrative litigation (its admissibility conditions related to the plaintiff, the defendant, the object of the action and the procedure, the judicial settlement procedure, the suspension of administrative acts, unchallengeable administrative acts), represents the third part of the subject matter taught in this semester.

The course is taught by Prof. PhD Ovidiu Podaru.

The course offers an engaging approach to the traditional institutions of Canon Law, including a comparative study of Orthodox Ecclesiastical Law, Catholic Canon Law, and Church-State relations. It covers the history of the Church, the influence of divine law on secular society, the relationship between canon law and secular law, and the place of ecclesiastical law within the modern legal and justice system. The course is designed for motivated students eager to broaden their horizons, offering the opportunity to explore, alongside classical legal principles, elements of theology, art, history, and philosophy.  A significant part of the course focuses on the canonization of civil law and discussions about the impact of legal positivism on religion. Important jurisprudential cases from the United States Supreme Court and the European Court of Human Rights, particularly those related to religion, freedom of conscience, and Church-State relations, will be analyzed and discussed from an interdisciplinary perspective. The practical application of canon law is also examined through topics related to the organization of the Orthodox Church, the Roman Catholic Church (including the Eastern Churches in communion with Rome), and other legally recognized religious denominations in Romania. The course addresses ecclesiastical status, persons in the Church, Church property and its legal regime, contracts and succession in ecclesiastical law, autonomous and non-autonomous foundations, as well as the Sacraments of the Church. The final part of the course is dedicated to marital canon law and canon criminal law.

The course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Liviu-Marius Harosa.

The course aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the fundamental knowledge regarding legal acts, acquired during the study of Introduction to Civil Law (Year I) and later, during the study of Obligations (Year II). It analyzes the typology of the main contracts that benefit from a specific legal framework (e.g., sale, mandate, lease), with the goal of developing students’ ability to categorize and apply contractual models, by understanding the particularities of each contract, from the perspective of valid formation, legal effects, and the performance of the obligations they generate. Alongside identifying the nuances involved in applying the general theory of legal acts to each specific contractual model, the course seeks to develop students’ legal reasoning and practical skills. In order to foster students’ capacity to act independently as future professionals in civil law, the course focuses on their understanding of the legal concepts acquired and on practicing the ability to use these concepts in their own legal reasoning.

The course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Mihai David.

What good would a student learn about contracts, in the General Theory of Obligations, if they did not also study Special Contracts? Just as there is no crime in general, but only different crimes, so there is no contract in general, but only different special contracts. The legal norms that regulate sale and exchange, maintenance and rent, lease and loan, mandate and undertaking, transaction and game, etc., as well as the varieties and subspecies of these contracts, come to concretize and provide applications of those already evoked in the previously studied civil law. At the same time, they highlight the particularities of these contracts compared to the rules of common law, providing a framework for these contracts, dominated by flexibility and voluntarism. And beyond the norms is the spirit of civil law, which should reach any graduate of a law school. With this benefit, the future practitioner could find the solution even for contracts and new legal situations, not approached in the fatally limited study of this discipline.

The course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Jozsef Kocsis.

The course presents traditional civil law institutions in a modern manner, alongside explanations of new trends in the field of principal property rights. It offers a complete approach to concepts related to property, its functions, and the distinction between property rights and obligations (rights in personam), as well as the system of property rights within the Romanian and European legal framework. Through the study of situations where law is absent yet legal effects arise, students will explore the institution of possession and its effects. The core of the course focuses on the fundamental institution of property law: its creation, modification, and termination, as well as the dismemberments of property rights, including usufruct, use, habitation, superficies, and servitudes. The course also covers co-ownership, forced co-ownership, periodic property, and modern institutions such as trusts and digital property (the impact of the virtual world—Internet—on real-world property). Students will study the acquisition of property through accession, usucapion of movable and immovable goods, and acquisition of movable property through possession in good faith. The final part of the course is dedicated to the study of property registration systems, with a particular focus on the land registry.

The course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Liviu-Marius Harosa.

The Property Law course is a mandatory subject in the second year of study, semester I. The course addresses the regime of movable and immovable property, the patrimony, real rights and the legal means of achieving their publicity. Also, a distinction is made between possession, as a state of fact generating legal effects, and real rights, as states of law justifying possession of property. Special attention is paid to real estate publicity through land registers. The concept of ownership and real rights over another person’s property are approached from a historical perspective, for a better understanding of their meanings in the order of the rule of law.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Adina-Nora Buciuman and Assoc. Prof. PhD Liviu-Marius Harosa.

The Civil Law. Obligations course aims to familiarize students with the legal institutions specific to the law of obligations, by understanding the elements that define this branch of law and distinguish it from other areas of law. The lectures and seminars are designed both to provide a solid theoretical foundation regarding civil obligations and their sources, and to develop the ability to apply the legal rules contained in the Civil Code and in special legislation. Students will learn to correctly use the concepts and principles of the law of obligations, to solve case studies, and to connect theoretical knowledge with practical situations.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Ionuț Florin Popa.

The Law of Civil Obligations aims to present, explain and establish the notion of civil claim, essential for any matter of private law and not only. The emphasis is on knowing and deepening issues related to the sources of obligations, the mechanisms of extinguishing, transmission and transformation of obligational relationships; the analysis of the modalities of executing obligations, as well as the mechanisms of guaranteeing them, also constitutes an important part of the course, without omitting the entire issue of tort liability.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Paul Vasilescu.

Inevitably in the shadows during the communist regime, the subject of Successions regains its full relevance, along with the wealth accumulated in post-Decembrist Romania. No one escapes the rules of inheritance law, either as a beneficiary of rights or as the owner of the patrimony subject to these rules. The conditions under which a person can claim their status as a legal or testamentary heir, the rules according to which the inheritance devolution is carried out, the rights of legal heirs, their liberalities and effects, the limits within which a person can dispose of their wealth or the goods that are part of it by acts free of charge, the transmission of inheritance assets and liabilities, are just some of the fascinating topics that will open new horizons for students in the field of civil law. And if some of them think they have missed the “train” of civil law, I encourage them not to give up, maybe they have the chance to catch at least the “last wagon”.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Jozsef Kocsis.

The lecturer is a direct author of Book IV, “On Inheritance and Liberalities”, of the Romanian Civil Code. The subject is at the intersection of Persons, Real Rights and Matrimonial Regimes. The course focuses on three aspects: 1) the guidelines of Succession Law; 2) the primary meaning of the texts of the Romanian Civil Code, which are related to inheritances and liberalities; 3) the main practical difficulties and current theoretical controversies. The presentation gives priority to the fundamental mechanisms of the analyzed subject. The theoretical controversies that have influenced or may influence notarial and judicial practice are addressed, with references to comparative law. At the end, the student will accumulate a set of notions sufficient to address the main problems he will face in practice.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Mircea Dan Bob-Bocșan.

This topic is a mandatory course in the third year of the law degree program, which aims to introduce students to the general principles of corporate law lato sensu, starting from the notions of commercial law, business law and the myth of the autonomy of commercial law from civil law, concluding on its originality in the broader sphere of civil law. The course explains the notions of enterprise and professional, developing the main specific contractual obligations (the main business contracts, credit titles), freedom to undertake vs. State intervention in the economy, especially through competition law, to which the course provides an introduction. Finally, the status of a natural and legal person trader is developed, legal advertising at the trade register and the goodwill of the enterprise, including providing general knowledge about the forms of commercial companies.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Radu N. Catană and Senior Lect. PhD Sergiu Golub.

This course is a mandatory course for the fourth year of the law degree program, which aims to introduce students to the general principles of company law and corporate insolvency law. The main topics covered refer to the organic functioning of companies, the relationships between bodies and their specific competencies, in a detailed manner in the context of corporate governance. The main specific issues of partnerships and limited liability companies, as well as joint-stock companies, are then developed. The main issues related to credit institutions, insurance companies and issuers on the capital market are then addressed. The last part of the course is an introduction to the insolvency law of companies in difficulty, starting from the notion of insolvency, passing through the description of the participants in the insolvency procedure. Then, the course focuses on the essential procedural elements, which are the opening of the insolvency procedure, oppositions, appeals, the effects of the opening, the reorganization plan, bankruptcy and distribution of assets, as well as the liability of the persons who caused the insolvency.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Radu N. Catană and Senior Lect. PhD Sergiu Golub.

The course Constitutional Law. Rights and Freedoms is a core subject designed to explore in depth the legal regime of fundamental rights and freedoms as enshrined in the Romanian Constitution and the European Convention on Human Rights. Its aim is to provide an understanding of the nature, content, limits, and guarantees of these rights, as well as a critical analysis of how they are protected and implemented in practice. The lectures cover both the theoretical foundations of fundamental rights — classification, direct applicability, the relationship between the state and the individual — and detailed analysis of each right or freedom, accompanied by relevant case law from the Constitutional Court and the European Court of Human Rights. Topics include freedom of expression, the right to privacy, religious freedom, non-discrimination, the right to a fair trial, and freedom of assembly. The course promotes a critical, interdisciplinary, and comparative approach, focused on the practical and contextual understanding of fundamental rights at national and European level. Students develop their ability to analyze cases, understand jurisprudence, and construct legal arguments concerning human rights protection.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Radu Chiriță and Senior Lect. PhD Oana Bugnar-Coldea.

In the logical structure of the legal education program, the course Constitutional Law. Institutions and Procedures is a core discipline taught in the first semester of the first year. Its aim is to familiarize students with the main constitutional institutions and the procedures through which they operate, while also providing the theoretical foundation necessary for critically assessing the activity of public authorities through the lens of the Constitution. The lectures have a strong theoretical component, focusing on defining and explaining key constitutional concepts — from citizenship and electoral systems to the role and operation of state institutions such as Parliament, Government, the President, the Public Ministry, judicial authorities, and the Constitutional Court. The seminars are interactive, involving debates, case-solving exercises, and multiple-choice questions, all designed to foster critical thinking, argumentation skills, and practical understanding of constitutional principles. The discussions focus on the structure and functioning of public powers, the relationships between them, constitutional control mechanisms, the hierarchy of legal norms, and the effects of Constitutional Court decisions. Additionally, the course opens the perspective toward comparative constitutional law, with references to European constitutional systems.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Radu Chiriță and Senior Lect. PhD Oana Bugnar-Coldea.

This optional course aims to be an extremely useful tool for all those who are at the beginning of their careers. That is why, in addition to the theoretical component (the aim is to recapitulate the major principles of administrative law applied to the particular situation of the contravention report), the course has an extremely important practical component, being built in such a way that, at the end of it, students will know how to draft a contravention complaint in a given case. The course has two main parts: the first, dedicated to substantive contravention law, has in the foreground the notion of contravention (misdemeanor), as the “little sister” of the crime. Then, the second part, on procedural law, analyzes both the administrative procedure for drafting the contravention report and the judicial procedure for challenging it by means of a contravention complaint.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Ovidiu Podaru.

Intellectual property, a vast and heterogeneous field. It is concerned both with the protection of areas that can be easily associated with the term “intellectual” (such as literary, artistic or scientific creations, or that of patentable inventions, etc.), but also with areas for which proximity to this qualification is not necessarily required (the field of trademarks). It consecrates, in favor of the holders, not only patrimonial rights, conferring true exploitation monopolies on the protected object, but, sometimes (the case of copyright), also moral rights, which end up refining this particular field of law. Tradition, but also innovation, will be encountered in this legal area, the emergence of new technologies requiring permanent adaptation to the challenges generated by them. And efforts to find legal solutions require not only the competence of the national legislator, but also international cooperation, the regulatory system of the European Union often providing an adequate framework for these challenges. Who can be subject to intellectual property rights protection and how to obtain it, what are the objects that can be protected by specific norms, what are the prerogatives conferred on rights holders and how to ensure their legal protection is our concern within the course “Intellectual Property Law”.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Jozsef Kocsis.

The objective of the course is to ensure the appropriate use of EU and Romanian legislation in the nuanced analysis of the aspects involved in the internal market of the European Union and EU competition rules. The course explains the relationships between the Union rules dedicated to the business field and other European, conventional and national rules likely to be applied in terms of the internal market of the European Union and competition; judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union that concern freedoms are analyzed fundamentals that characterize the internal market of the Union and competition; the appropriate differentiation of the legal situations subsumed under the concept of the internal union market is achieved; the application of the Union regulations regarding competition is examined.

The course is taught by Prof. PhD Sergiu Deleanu.

Romania, in 2007, by joining the European Union, agreed that certain attributes of its sovereignty will be exercised by the institutions of this supranational organization in common with the attributes of sovereignty ceded by the other Member States. In the framework of this subject, after having had the opportunity to familiarize themselves with the most relevant historical events of the EU from a legal point of view and with the sources and fundamental principles of Union law, students will get to know the competence, structure, competence and decision-making of the EU institutions, with the most in-depth approach being given to the Court of Justice of the EU and the most important actions brought before it. By studying this subject, students on the one hand familiarize themselves with the functioning and procedures of the institutions, but at the same time learn about the legal instruments that can be used to counter possible abuses committed by these institutions and how they can be used in practice. The course is held in Romanian and Hungarian.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Gyula Fábián.

International Criminal Law can be defined as the set of legal norms that regulate the acts that constitute crimes under international law, as well as the conditions and consequences of engaging the individual’s responsibility in the event of their commission. The course is divided into several modules – presentation of international criminal courts (with the classification of international per se, hybrid, ad hoc, permanent, etc.), presentation of the main institutions of substantive criminal law of the general criminal law order (general theory of crime, authorship and participation), and the presentation of crimes under international criminal law (genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and aggression). A permanent parallel will be made with the teaching method in renowned universities in the Netherlands, the USA, etc., respectively it will be exemplified with films (historical-legal presentations of conflicts, images from trials, etc.).

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Daniel Nițu.

Private international law can also be seen as a “law of distances”, of the distances of the legal systems between them and of the traditions they embody and compare, of the distances between the private relationship (Sachverhalt) subject to legal localization and the legal systems with which it has close links. Private law systems differ, sometimes substantially, from each other, in terms of content and method of regulation. Even the codifications belonging to countries whose tradition is integrated into the great Romano-Germanic family, have notable differences. In other words, the “distances” that separate them are often greater than the strictly geographical ones. For example, Romanian private law is closer “in legal distance” to French law than to Austrian or German law, even if, geographically, France is further from Romania than Austria or Germany. On the other hand, private international law offers a new dimension of movement to the person. It is the one that unleashes the person, allowing him to escape from the “pen” of the national legislator, offering him the possibility of choosing the applicable law. Man is a relationship, being called to seek his own proximity, to choose it according to his thinking and spirit. His belonging cannot be “irrevocably dictated” either by the fact of birth in a certain place, or by the national civic spirit, or even by his linguistic motherhood. He is born on a “national” territory (without being, however, sentimentally national at the moment of birth), is “allocated” and educated “nationally”, but dies universally. He is born and dies universally. Even if we have lived “sedentary”, on the same territory, in the same language and culture, we leave this world detached from them. The course aims to provide a systemic and systematic analysis of all private law institutions viewed from the perspective of conflicts of laws in space, conflicts of jurisdiction and the recognition of foreign judgments, respectively the acceptance of foreign authentic acts.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Dan Andrei Popescu.

Addressing the legal challenges and mechanisms involved in the resolution of private disputes in cross-border cases, Private international Law is a compulsory course for the students in the 4^th year of law studies, that can be followed also in English. The course aims to familiarize the students with the fundamental principles, concepts, mechanisms and rules applicable in situations with international element, covering classical topics: international jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of foreign judgements.  Through a blend of theoretical analysis and practical case studies, the course will address the peculiarities of the most relevant institutions, like personal status, assets, marriage, divorce, matrimonial regimes, parentage, successions, contracts, extracontractual obligations. This approach will facilitate the exploration of the complex articulation of various legal (national, European, international) sources of the discipline and a better understanding of the methods and technics of regulation of private matters with elements of internationality.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Elena Alina Oprea.

This course provides a historically and theoretically informed introduction to international law. It is mainly focused on the post-World War II developments and addresses essential concepts and concrete institutional and doctrinal issues, such as the nature of international law, its sources, the law of treaties, its relationship with national laws, and its subjects. Students will learn about the legal principles and institutions that regulate the conduct of international actors, and explore issues of contemporary concern from a legal perspective. In addition, the course will critically assess the effectiveness of international law and offer legal reflections on issues such as the role of international institutions (particularly the United Nations) and the use of force in international relations. Background themes of concern alongside concrete institutional and doctrinal issues are: How can we make sense of the crisis that international law is currently in? What would be needed to overcome it? The first part of the course provides students with foundational knowledge of the main concepts of public international law, including its definition, its nature, the relevant sources, who is subject to it, and its relationship with domestic laws.  The second part will focus on the role of international institutions, including the UN system and its effectiveness in countering challenges of public international law. Students will reflect on the involvement of the UN in particular case studies. In the third part, students will learn about the general legal framework of the use of force. The use of force will be taught in the context of jus ad bellum and jus in bello. Students will be encouraged to offer independent thought on recent select examples of the use of force.  The fourth part will provide students with an overview of other areas of international law, such as the law of the sea, international environmental law, international criminal law, space law, etc. By the end of the course, students should have developed a good understanding of the fundamentals of public international law and be familiar with basic international legal concepts.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Diana Botău.

The optional Medical Law course, for third year law students, is a hybrid subject at the crossroads of private and public law. It is meant to familiarize students with the rules of the Romanian health system, the regulations on civil liability in the medical field, the legal influence of bioethics, rules on transplants, the medical professions and the disciplinary liability of medical personnel, the system and regulations on health insurance. The teacher and student presentations develop the applied legal research skills for the students’ future careers.

The course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Marius Floare.

Criminal Law. General Part I represents the first interaction of students with the subject of criminal law. Therefore, making the necessary connection with other subjects already covered (Constitutional Law, General Theory of Law) the course aims to establish the basic notions and specialized terminology for the field of Criminal Law. The course is divided into several chapters – principles, functions, characters of Criminal Law, application in time and space of Criminal Law, general theory of crime, forms of intentional crime, respectively the penalties applicable to individuals. The most important part is reserved for the general theory of crime, a fundamental subject for understanding the special part of Criminal Law.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Florin Streteanu and Assoc. Prof. PhD Daniel Nițu.

Criminal Law. General Part II continues the analysis of the institutions regulated in the Criminal Code, general part. The course examines other institutions on which the correct application of Criminal law depends. Thus, the subject of analysis will be distinctly the unit of offense, the plurality of offences, authorship and participation, the judicial individualization of the punishment and its execution, security measures, educational measures, the causes that remove criminal liability, the causes that remove the execution of the punishment, and finally, the causes that remove the consequences of the conviction.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Florin Streteanu and Associ. Prof. PhD Daniel Nițu.

The Special Part of Criminal Law studies the legal norms that define which conducts constitute criminal offenses, regulate their specific content, and the penalties applicable when such offenses are committed. This branch of criminal law includes: the Special Part of the Criminal Code (Articles 188–445 of the Criminal Code); all other incrimination norms found in special criminal legislation. The course Criminal Law. Special Part I addresses and analyzes offenses contained in two fundamental titles of the Criminal Code: Offenses against the person – ranging from violent acts affecting a person’s life, physical integrity, or health, to offenses against sexual freedom or private life; Offenses against the administration of justice – aimed at protecting the integrity and efficiency of the justice system. The main goal of the course is to develop the student’s ability to correctly establish the legal classification of a particular material conduct.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Sergiu Bogdan and Senior Lect. PhD Doris Alina Șerban.

The course Criminal Law. Special Part II represents a natural continuation of the course Criminal Law. Special Part I. In this second part of the course, the focus will be on analyzing and addressing offenses included in other titles of the Criminal Code, namely: Offenses against property (such as theft, robbery, fraud, etc.), Offenses related to public service or corruption (such as bribery, influence peddling, embezzlement, abuse of office), Forgery-related offenses. The goal of the course is to develop the student’s ability to accurately classify a specific act from a legal perspective.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Sergiu Bogdan and Senior Lect. PhD Doris Alina Șerban.

Civil Procedural Law is far more than a mere collection of technical provisions; it constitutes the structural backbone that ensures civil justice operates in a coherent, fair, and efficient manner. This branch of law establishes the formal mechanisms through which substantive legal norms—whether derived from civil, commercial, family, or labor law—are brought to life before the courts. Without the framework provided by civil procedure, subjective rights would often remain purely theoretical declarations. This course seeks to equip students with a rigorous foundation for understanding the core institutions of civil proceedings studied in the first semester: the guiding principles of civil procedure, court jurisdiction, the statement of claim, the statement of defense, the participation of third parties in litigation, the role and structure of the court, the function of the public prosecutor, and procedural exceptions. Emphasis is placed not only on mastering technical concepts, but also on cultivating disciplined legal reasoning, oriented toward procedural equity and judicial efficiency. As the late Professor Ion Deleanu eloquently described, civil procedural law is the “grammar of law”—a structured system of rules that lends form, coherence, and enforceability to substantive legal norms. Mastery of this grammar empowers future jurists to construct and deconstruct legal arguments within a framework sanctioned by law. Through lectures, case studies, and applied exercises, the course develops essential competencies for legal practice: drafting procedural documents, understanding the architecture of litigation, and formulating as well as challenging procedural exceptions. Ultimately, this discipline provides a robust foundation for all areas of law involving litigation and is indispensable to the comprehensive professional training of jurists, regardless of their chosen legal career.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Andrea Anamaria Chiș and Senior Lect. PhD Ioana Veronica Varga.

Civil Procedural Law is far more than a mere collection of technical provisions; it constitutes the structural backbone that ensures civil justice operates in a coherent, fair, and efficient manner. This branch of law establishes the formal mechanisms through which substantive legal norms—whether derived from civil, commercial, family, or labor law—are brought to life before the courts. Without the framework provided by civil procedure, subjective rights would often remain purely theoretical declarations. This course seeks to equip students with a rigorous foundation for understanding the core institutions of civil proceedings studied in the first semester: the guiding principles of civil procedure, court jurisdiction, the statement of claim, the statement of defense, the participation of third parties in litigation, the role and structure of the court, the function of the public prosecutor, and procedural exceptions. Emphasis is placed not only on mastering technical concepts, but also on cultivating disciplined legal reasoning, oriented toward procedural equity and judicial efficiency. As the late Professor Ion Deleanu eloquently described, civil procedural law is the “grammar of law”—a structured system of rules that lends form, coherence, and enforceability to substantive legal norms. Mastery of this grammar empowers future jurists to construct and deconstruct legal arguments within a framework sanctioned by law. Through lectures, case studies, and applied exercises, the course develops essential competencies for legal practice: drafting procedural documents, understanding the architecture of litigation, and formulating as well as challenging procedural exceptions. Ultimately, this discipline provides a robust foundation for all areas of law involving litigation and is indispensable to the comprehensive professional training of jurists, regardless of their chosen legal career.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Andrea Anamaria Chiș and Senior Lect. PhD Ioana Veronica Varga.

The second semester is dedicated to the advanced stages of civil proceedings and to the in-depth examination of the procedural mechanisms employed by litigants to navigate and conclude both the written and oral phases of a case. The focus shifts from foundational theory to applied practice, where procedural norms become precise instruments for the effective management and resolution of disputes. In this stage, the course emphasizes the evidentiary phase of the trial, the formulation of procedural strategy, and the conduct of hearings. Particular attention is devoted to the law of evidence, with the aim of identifying and refining the tools through which evidence can be effectively deployed and leveraged to substantiate arguments before the court. The curriculum further explores appellate remedies, examining both the conditions for their exercise and their procedural consequences. Special procedures are also addressed in detail, as their statutory frameworks offer tailored solutions for distinct categories of legal disputes. A dedicated section focuses on acts of disposition by the parties—such as settlement agreements, withdrawal of claims, or discontinuance of proceedings—highlighting the extent to which these can influence the trajectory of a case. Through the use of practical examples, debates, and the analysis of complex case studies, students are encouraged to develop an integrated understanding of civil procedure, to recognize the function and significance of each stage, and to anticipate the strategic implications of procedural choices.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Andrea Anamaria Chiș and Senior Lect. PhD Ioana Veronica Varga.

The second semester is dedicated to the advanced stages of civil proceedings and to the in-depth examination of the procedural mechanisms employed by litigants to navigate and conclude both the written and oral phases of a case. The focus shifts from foundational theory to applied practice, where procedural norms become precise instruments for the effective management and resolution of disputes. In this stage, the course emphasizes the evidentiary phase of the trial, the formulation of procedural strategy, and the conduct of hearings. Particular attention is devoted to the law of evidence, with the aim of identifying and refining the tools through which evidence can be effectively deployed and leveraged to substantiate arguments before the court. The curriculum further explores appellate remedies, examining both the conditions for their exercise and their procedural consequences. Special procedures are also addressed in detail, as their statutory frameworks offer tailored solutions for distinct categories of legal disputes. A dedicated section focuses on acts of disposition by the parties—such as settlement agreements, withdrawal of claims, or discontinuance of proceedings—highlighting the extent to which these can influence the trajectory of a case. Through the use of practical examples, debates, and the analysis of complex case studies, students are encouraged to develop an integrated understanding of civil procedure, to recognize the function and significance of each stage, and to anticipate the strategic implications of procedural choices.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Andrea Anamaria Chiș and Senior Lect. PhD Ioana Veronica Varga.

Criminal Procedure is a legal science with a complex content, as it includes all the rules that govern the organization, conduct and completion of the criminal trial. For didactic reasons, at the undergraduate level, the study of Criminal Procedure is done over two semesters. This division corresponds to the systematization adopted in the Code of Criminal Procedure in force, which is the main source of criminal procedure. The Criminal Procedure I discipline is dedicated to the general part of criminal procedure. The general part studies the purpose, basic principles and actions in criminal proceedings, participants in criminal proceedings, jurisdiction, evidence, procedural measures and common procedural acts, as well as common issues regarding judicial organization, in relation to fundamental rights and the institutional guarantees necessary within a criminal procedure.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Gheorghiță Mateuț and Senior Lect. PhD Lucian Criste.

The Criminal procedure II discipline is dedicated to the special part of criminal proceedings. The course aims to analyze the technical aspects of the criminal trial, focusing on the criminal procedure as a dynamic process, presented in the chronological order of the actions to be taken and the measures to be implemented for the effective and correct operation of the criminal trial. The Special Part studies the way in which criminal procedural activities are carried out, respecting the chronology of the procedural phases, as the main divisions of the criminal trial. Initially, the course examines the methods by which criminal investigation authorities are informed of a criminal offence. It then moves on to the criminal investigation phase, which also includes the instruction stage, a critical component for uncovering the truth and safeguarding individual freedoms. Once these stages are completed, the preliminary chamber phase follows, during which the legality of the criminal investigation is reviewed. This is succeeded by the trial phase, which is the decisive stage for all parties involved. The study of this discipline extends beyond the final ruling to the enforcement of final criminal judgments. Although examined at the end, special criminal procedures remain significant due to the complementary and exceptional rules that govern them.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Gheorghiță Mateuț and Senior Lect. PhD Lucian Criste.

The Roman Law course has a propaedeutic and formative value. The student will learn to think flexibly, to be attentive to the needs of practice and to use an adequate vocabulary. Today’s European Private Law is built on the rules established by Roman jurists, valuable for their universal applicability in civil and business practice. The course and seminar consist of the presentation and critical analysis of cases, contained in the texts written by Roman Jurists and having a direct connection with today’s legislation and practice.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Mircea Dan Bob-Bocșan.

The International Business Law course is a compulsory course for the fourth year of study, which is also taught optionally in English. The course aims to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the legal frameworks and principles governing cross-border business transactions, exploring how international conventions, European and national laws, and informal norms shape and constrain business conduct. It will emphasize the legal regime of operators – companies and groups of companies, insolvency included. It will consider the contracts, with private international and substantive law perspectives, and particular references to the 1980 CISG and INCOTERMS standard. The dispute resolution through arbitration will also be addressed.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Elena Alina Oprea.

The course aims to ensure the contextual application of the rules of law dedicated to international economic operations, through the flexible use of sources of state origin and sources of private origin in solving problems of international trade law; drafting and interpreting general and specific clauses in international commercial contracts; analyzing the main trends in international arbitration.

The course is taught by Prof. Phd Sergiu Deleanu.

This course comes up with an introduction to various aspects of consumer law, analyzed from the perspective of the weaker party, but also of the professional. Being approached throughout the second semester of the third year of study, the subject Consumer Law provides students with knowledge about the general aspects of consumer protection, both at the national level and in the European Union. In this regard, topics such as the history of consumer protection, the principles governing this field, the regulation of the protection of consumer rights, consumer contracts, the obligation to inform, products conformity, as well as procedural particularities in the field are proposed for analysis. At the same time, being an optional course, its content aims to develop the legal thinking of students, by expanding their capacity of analyzing legal regulations in the field.

This course is taught by Junior Lect. PhD Cristina Pop.

Family Law is a required course studied in the 3rd year, first semester. From a legal perspective, the pillars of the family are marriage and filiation. Consequently, the lectures and discussions focus on personal and patrimonial relationships arising from marriage, kinship (natural and adoptive), as well as from other relationships assimilated, in some respects, to family relationships, as regulated by the rules of the Civil Code and special legislation. Both in the classrooms and in the seminars, special attention is paid to facilitating the assimilation of theoretical knowledge by presenting and discussing relevant case solutions in the field.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Emese Florian.

The Law of Enterprise Financing is an optional course available to fourth-year students, designed to complement and deepen the knowledge obtained in Commercial Law I and II, with a view to an extensive treatment of the subject in the area of ​​legal techniques for business financing. The course starts from the concept of enterprise, comparatively approaches business financing techniques, explains essential notions such as commercial credit, explores fiduciary, property reservation clause, credit titles or the practical applicability of the promissory note. The associated seminars propose interactive debates, brainstorming, case resolution through interactive activities, the development, presentation and debate of projects.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Sergiu Golub.

Under the umbrella-name Law of Public Finances, financial law and tax law are approached successively. While in many countries financial law is taught primarily (either because tax law is considered too complicated – as is the case in the United States of America, or because tradition has imposed this approach – in Central and Eastern Europe), our choice is that of a predilection for teaching tax law, to which a more consistent part of the courses and seminars is allocated. However, we begin the study with financial law, in order to understand the organization of public finances, the construction and execution of public budgets, the role and scope of financial control, the specifics of local public finances, social security finances and European Union finances. Then, gradually, we move on to fiscal law. First at the level of principles of fiscal law and general theory of taxes and duties, to then continue with the in-depth study of the main taxes, duties and mandatory social contributions in Romania. We emphasize the relevant and law-making jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Court of Human Rights and national courts, as part of an approach aimed at preparing second-year students to be able to respond to the main challenges of the field in professional life.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Cosmin Flavius ​​Costaș.

Continuing the Commercial Law courses, this course addresses the specific topic of commercial insolvency, from the perspective of European and national legislation. The Insolvency Law course aims, for example, to understand the fundamental institutions of commercial law from the perspective of their application to practical situations in the field of insolvency, but also to critically analyze legal situations by correctly applying the legal norms, institutions and concepts studied to regulated social relations. It also insists on familiarizing students with relevant judicial practice on the issues studied in the field of insolvency.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Sergiu Golub.

The ‛Environmental Law’ course analyses the legal framework applicable to environmental protection, examining both national law and European Union law, as well as conventions adopted within the Council of Europe and the United Nations. Specifically, the course examines the issue of transposition and practical implementation of regulations adopted at the level of regional or international organisations of which Romania is a member. Students will analyse the applicable legal framework at national, European and international levels, accompanied by case studies from domestic jurisprudence, as well as from the practice of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Court of Human Rights and the Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee. At the same time, the course integrates relevant empirical data to enhance understanding of the practical application of legal provisions and their impact on the formulation and implementation of public policies. The course includes an analysis of the right to a healthy environment as a substantive right, as well as an examination of the three procedural pillars that aim to guarantee it: access to environmental information, public participation in decision-making that affects the environment, and access to justice in environmental litigation. As thematic areas, the course covers the following topics: biodiversity, air and water quality, waste and landfills, climate change, chemical substances, the transition to green energy, environmental impact assessment, liability for environmental damage, and environmental crimes. The course combines theoretical foundations with critical analysis, practical applications, and a comparative perspective. Students are encouraged to develop independent reflection, sound legal reasoning, and to integrate European and international legal norms into the interpretation and application of domestic law.

The presence of ethnic and national minorities in most countries in the world is a reality and Romania, with over 20 such minorities, is no exception. For this subject, after analyzing the formation of minorities and the evolution of minority-majority coexistence relations, students will be introduced to the concepts of fundamental rights and compensation rights of ethnic and national minorities, as well as to the content of the duty of loyalty. Given that most countries have only minority toleration legislation and not promotion/development legislation, the course emphasizes knowledge of treaties of public international law and the jurisprudence of international courts of justice in this field, while the seminars cover the methods, procedural tools and concrete methods of guaranteeing minority rights. The course is optional and is taught in Hungarian, but is also available in Romanian on request.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Gyula Fábián.

The Labour Law course is a compulsory course for the third year of study. The lectures and heuristic conversation, along with the practical applications, will provide students with a sound knowledge base of the legal framework applicable to the employment relationship, focusing on the employment contracts (including termination), workplace rights (such as wages, working hours, leave, workplace health and safety), collective rights (information, consultation and collective bargaining) and dispute resolution. The course also explores international, European and national labour standards, such as non-discrimination, prohibition of harassment, the right to work and the prohibition of modern slavery, as well as the worker’s freedom of speech, including on social media and whistleblowers’ protection.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Felicia Roșioru.

The Social Security Law course is a optional course for the third year of study. The lectures and heuristic conversation, along with the practical applications, will provide students with a sound knowledge base of the legal framework applicable to social insurance relations, focusing on health insurance, insurance in case of workplace accidents and occupational diseases, unemployment insurance and the pension system. The course also explores the European rules of=n the coordination of social security systems and the social assistance relations.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Felicia Roșioru.

The Sports Law course is an optional course, unique in the local curricular landscape, which proposes a current analysis and a didactic debate on a heterogeneous issue, at the confluence between LAW and SPORT. The topics covered involve specific elements such as: the emergence and development of sport, the international and national legal and sporting framework, sports and legal regulation, sports jurisdictions and their specificities, the fight against doping, the relationship between sports organisations and Union law, sports funding, taxation of the income of sports clubs and athletes, but also the complex paradigm of the different types of liability that can be activated in the world of sport.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Septimiu Ioan Puț.

The course addresses theoretical and practical aspects of information and communication technology law. The course analyzes essential aspects of information and communications technology, electronic contracts and business, intellectual property rights, and computer crimes. The main competencies targeted regard the acquisition and use of specialized language and terminology specific to information and communications technology for developing arguments specific to the field; the appropriate use of concepts and theories in the field, to explain and interpret national, European, and international legal texts (legal norms); the correct application of specific techniques and tools in the context of electronic communications and transactions at national, regional, and global levels; knowledge of aspects related to the prevention and fight against computer crime.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Ioana Vasiu.

The Transport Law course is an optional course available in the fourth year of study, semester I. The course offers a mixed public and private law approach to issues concerning the rules governing the sources of transport law, transport infrastructure, the authorization and control of the activities of carriers, as well as transport and related activities contracts, the liability of the carrier and shipping companies, the carrier’s securities on the transported goods and the special rights of passengers in air transport. The course addresses all modes of transport, from the perspective of national and European regulations and of international conventions.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Adina-Nora Buciuman.

This optional course practically highlights the need to know the rules according to which urban settlements develop, a need that has become more pronounced in Romania in the last two decades. The course includes a theory of urban planning rules, then an analysis of the three major categories of such rules: those relating to the buildable plot (frontage, depth, minimum area, connection to utilities, etc.), those relating to construction (height regime, volume and chromaticity) and those related to the relationship between plot and construction (alignments and setbacks, urban indicators POT and CUT, features of the urban fabric).

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Ovidiu Podaru.

This Political Economy course, designed for first-year students in the second semester, provides a bridge between economic and legal topics, offering an interdisciplinary perspective on how contemporary society functions. Far from being a purely theoretical subject, political economy provides the foundation for understanding the economic realities that shape legal decisions, public policy, and the balance between the state and the market. Through this lecture, you will explore how economists think, how major economic decisions are made, why fiscal and monetary policies matter, and how these can be influenced or regulated through law. You will learn to interpret concepts such as the market, the state, resources, inequality, or regulation not only from an economic perspective but also from a legal one, gaining insight into the deep connections between rules, institutions, and behavior. Why are some countries more prosperous than others? What role does the state play in the economy? How are prices and wages determined? How do economic decisions affect legislation, and how do legal regulations shape the behavior of economic actors? The answers to these questions are not merely academic – they are essential for future jurists, lawyers, judges, and public servants who will operate in an ever-changing economic environment. Throughout the lecture, you will develop critical thinking skills, analyze real-world situations, and understand the interdependence between legal norms and market dynamics. Specifically designed for law students, this lecture offers a clear, well-structured, and contextually relevant approach, rooted in both Romanian and European realities. Case studies, relevant examples, and applied debates will turn political economy into a vital tool for your professional development – whether you pursue a career in the judiciary, legal practice, public administration, or consulting. Choose this course if you want to understand how economists think, why public policy matters, and how you can become a jurist better grounded in the real world. It is a smart choice for those who want not only to know the law, but also to understand the world that the law seeks to regulate.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Octavian Jula.

Ethics and Academic Integrity is an elective course for first-year undergraduate students in their first semester. In the context of the rapid development of scientific research and the ethical challenges posed by new technologies, including artificial intelligence, this course aims to familiarize students with the body of legal and institutional norms related to academic ethics and integrity (EAI). Aiming to raise awareness of the differences between ethics and law and to create a proper understanding of the legal nature of EAI rules, the course will address the evolution of international, national, and local regulations on EAI in order to capture their specificity. It will identify the hierarchy of normative sources in this field, the specific EAI rules of conduct applicable to students and teachers in their interaction of the academic community, the sanctions and their nature. Particular attention is paid to the three major scientific research misconducts: fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism, as well as the issues of self-plagiarism. The course will also address the use of artificial intelligence in the creation of academic work. The aim of the course is to provide students with a set of guidelines on EAI rules and their purpose, as well as how to comply with them. At the same time, it aims to develop a set of skills and competencies related to the subject. Starting with the documentation process and continuing with the actual writing of an academic text, students will learn how to avoid violating EIA rules and how to express, in writing and with honesty, information and their own reasoning. The course develops practical skills for distinguishing EIA norms from other legal rules and for identifying other unethical behaviours or activities in research. Students will learn to assess appropriate sanctions, become familiar with the competent bodies for the application of sanctions and the means of appeal, and acquire the knowledge necessary for proper academic conduct, the know-how necessary for the legal documentation process, and for the creation and dissemination of academic texts that comply with EIA standards. By combining theory with case studies and practical applications, students will not only develop a predisposition for ethics but also adopt ethical values in their future professional activity, and understand the role, nature, and implications of EIA norms.

This course is taught by Assist. Prof. PhD Dorin Jorea.

Philosophy of Law is an optional course designed for first-year students. Its lectures and seminars seek to familiarize students with the principal philosophical ideas and works relevant to the study of law. The first part of the course analyzes the major philosophical currents that have influenced the formation and evolution of legal thought. The second part of the course, as well as the seminars, will address contemporary issues and debates in the fields of bioethics, the philosophy of human rights, the philosophy of punishment, and the philosophy of war. The course aims to develop students’ critical thinking and argumentation skills, offering them a theoretical framework for understanding legal norms beyond their purely technical aspects.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Arthur Mihăilă.

The Law of Security Interests is an optional course that is taught in the 3^rd year of legal studies. The Law of Security Interests aims at security instruments such as suretyship and the letter of credit. Furthermore, legal entities such as hypothecs, the pledge, and prior claims are taken into account. The right of retention and ownership as security interest are mechanisms that enter the course’s purview.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Adrian Tamba.

The optional course Offenses Regulated by Special Laws offers a substantial complement to the topics already studied in the mandatory courses Criminal Law – Special Part I and Criminal Law – Special Part II. While the latter courses focused primarily on offenses covered under the fundamental titles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code, this course expands the analysis to include both additional offenses from the Criminal Code (such as road traffic offenses) and, as a novelty, offenses regulated by special criminal legislation (such as tax evasion, smuggling, forestry-related offenses, drug-related offenses, etc.). The goal of the course is to develop the student’s ability to correctly classify a specific act from a legal perspective.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Doris Alina Șerban.

The subject Introduction to Civil Law, administratively divided into two courses, corresponding to each semester of the first year, covers the subject of civil law for the first year of college, common to the member faculties of the Hexagon of Law Faculties, even if they have different names (Civil Law. General Part. Persons, Theory of Civil Act). The aim is to introduce students to the subject of civil law, to familiarize them with the main institutions and fundamental concepts of civil law. Interactive lectures, dialogue and teamwork in seminars will provide students with a solid foundation of knowledge about fundamental institutions of civil law, legal instruments indispensable for the knowledge and understanding of law. They form the common law for all subjects of private law, the object of study in the following years. The aim is primarily to develop the necessary skills for the critical analysis of legal situations, by correctly applying civil norms, institutions and concepts studied to regulated social relations. The first part of the course, namely Civil Law. General Part. Persons, is studied in the first semester.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Șerban Diaconescu.

The subject Introduction to Civil Law, administratively divided into two courses, corresponding to each semester of the first year, covers the subject of civil law for the first year of college, common to the member faculties of the Hexagon of Law Faculties, even if they have different names (Civil Law. General Part. Persons, Theory of Civil Act). The aim is to introduce students to the subject of civil law, to familiarize them with the main institutions and fundamental concepts of civil law. Interactive lectures, dialogue and teamwork in seminars will provide students with a solid foundation of knowledge about fundamental institutions of civil law, legal instruments indispensable for the knowledge and understanding of law. They form the common law for all subjects of private law, the object of study in the following years. The aim is primarily to develop the necessary skills for the critical analysis of legal situations, by correctly applying civil norms, institutions and concepts studied to regulated social relations. The second part of the course, namely Theory of Civil Act, is studied in the second semester.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Șerban Diaconescu.

The course offers a systematic introduction to the field of comparative law, aiming to familiarize students with the major legal systems of the world. The first part analyzes the methodological and conceptual foundations of the discipline, followed by the presentation of the Romano-Germanic, common law, Muslim, Asian and supranational systems, with an emphasis on their origin, evolution and principles of operation. The second part of the course is dedicated to comparative methods and their application in relevant case studies, such as judicial organization and the contract regime. The course develops the capacity for critical analysis and legal argumentation, being essential for understanding the differences and convergences between legal systems.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Radu Chiriță.

The course Introduction to European Tax Law is taught at the Faculty of Law of Babeș-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca for a practical reason: a large part of the applicable tax law rules come from the tax law of the European Union. Therefore, in practice, lawyers or magistrates are obliged to apply “European” tax law rules, interpreted according to the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. In addition, the course is taught in English to facilitate the participation of Erasmus students. The topics chosen for the lectures focus on the main achievements of the European fiscal construction, in the field of indirect and direct taxes, including from the perspective of fundamental freedoms. In addition, aspects of fiscal procedure and administrative cooperation in fiscal matters are discussed. Students are encouraged to research in depth some of the topics presented in the course or discussed in the seminars, based on the specialized literature made available by accessing university grants (database of the International Bureau of Fiscal Documentation).

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Cosmin Flavius ​​Costaș.

The course History of Romanian Law aims to present the succession of legal systems throughout historical periods, the conditions of social life as material sources, as well as the different legal conceptions as a spiritual source, in an attempt to capture what can be called the “legal phenomenon”. Within the course, a series of essential aspects regarding law in the ancient period are discussed, in a systemic, synchronic, and diachronic manner: the origin of legal norms on the territory of Romania and slave law; the stage of the Dacian monarchy, which includes the period of formation of the centralized Dacian state of Burebista and up to the conquest of Dacia by the Romans and the period of legal dualism in Roman Dacia; considerations about customs and the activity of collecting legal customs; the law during the Middle Ages (with particular emphasis on the system of old Romanian law-ius valachicum), as well as the process of modernization of law.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Ioana Vasiu.

The course Fundamental Rights and Criminal Law is part of the Master’s program in Criminal Sciences and Forensics and takes place during the first semester of the first year. Its main objective is to examine the intersection between fundamental rights protection mechanisms and criminal law, especially concerning the state’s positive obligations and the boundaries of legitimate penal intervention. Through lectures and topic-based debates, the course offers a critical approach to relevant case law from the European Court of Human Rights, the Court of Justice of the European Union, and the Constitutional Court, focusing on themes such as: positive obligations to protect life, freedom of expression, privacy protection, discrimination-related offences, and the legality of criminalization in special contexts. Students are encouraged to engage with these topics not only from a normative point of view but also through doctrinal and jurisprudential analysis, by drafting essays on assigned topics. Emphasis is placed on understanding the interplay between constitutional, European, and criminal protections of fundamental rights, while fostering critical thinking and an independent perspective on the role of criminal law in a democratic society.

The course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Radu Chiriță.

The Legal Reasoning course is an optional course designed for first-year students. It aims to introduce students to the realm of legal reasoning and to the ways in which the tools of general logic can be applied in the analysis and formulation of legal norms and arguments.The course is structured around key themes essential for understanding rigorous legal thinking. Throughout the lectures, it offers a comprehensive perspective on the role of logic in law. Special attention will be given to legal language, methods of logical interpretation, legal gaps, and analogy. The course will explore the theory of argumentation in depth, providing students with the necessary tools to identify fallacies and irrelevant arguments.During the seminars, students will analyze cases from Romanian and international jurisprudence that illustrate the practical application of the concepts discussed in class. The course aims to develop students’ capacity for legal interpretation and argumentation, equipping them with the tools needed for a rigorous and rational application of legal norms.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Arthur Mihăilă.

Forensic medicine is an optional discipline studied in the fourth year, second semester, at the Faculty of Law of Babeș-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca. This discipline plays a central role in the training of future jurists, as it brings into focus the essential medico-legal aspects necessary for the correct understanding and application of criminal and civil law. During the lectures, students become familiar with analytical methods from thanatology, with the mechanisms of traumatic injury in various circumstances (assault, rape, traffic accidents, workplace accidents, domestic violence), and with medico-legal examinations related to toxicological expertise or paternity testing. The lectures also address the medico-legal examination of living persons, with an emphasis on the Article 194 of the Criminal Code, and gives particular attention to medico-legal expertise in cases of medical malpractice or psychiatric expertise, which is essential for assessing mental capacity and criminal responsibility. The activities take place in a collaborative environment, where dialogue and interdisciplinary analysis play an important role. Through its content, this course ensures the understanding of how forensic medicine serves the law and society, contributing to the discovery of judicial truth, the protection of fundamental rights, and the strengthening of justice.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Codrin Rebeleanu.

After studying the compulsory subject “General Theory of Law” in the first year, the optional course in the second year entitled “Special Problems of General Theory of Law” aims to deepen various problems of legal theory from an original, interdisciplinary and interactive perspective. The topics covered will include: the study of the theory of legal interpretation (with practical exercises on legal interpretation), the study of various philosophical trends that shape law as we know it (jusnaturalism, positivism, legal realism, etc.), the study of various interdisciplinary approaches to law that are usually not analysed in Romania (for example, the “Law and Literature” movement). Last but not least, the course will focus on the identification and study of the fundamental values of law, which must be appropriated in a practical way by the actors of the legal system in order for it to function effectively.

This course is taught by Junior Lect. PhD Cristina Tomuleț.

The course ‛Special Criminal Procedures’ aims to deepen students’ understanding of criminal proceedings that deviate from the ordinary ones, whether by the nature of the persons involved or by the specific object or purpose pursued. Students will examine the applicable legal framework at the national and European levels, supported by case studies from domestic jurisprudence as well as from the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights. In addition, the course integrates relevant empirical data to support a practical understanding of how these procedures operate and how they may influence the development and implementation of public policies. Special criminal proceedings are divided into two main categories. First, proceedings that derogate from the general criminal procedure in terms of conduct. This category includes procedures concerning specific categories of suspects or defendants (e.g., children, legal entities, military personnel, magistrates, ministers, members of parliament); proceedings related to certain types of offences (e.g., terrorism, organized crime, corruption, EU funds fraud, domestic violence); simplified proceedings (e.g., plea agreements, acknowledgment of guilt before the court) and alternative procedures (e.g., mediation, discontinuance of proceedings due to a lack of public interest). Second, proceedings that differ from ordinary criminal proceedings in terms of their objective. This category includes: procedures for compensation for specific categories of persons (e.g., those wrongfully arrested or convicted, or crime victims—under the conditions provided by Law No. 211/2004 on victims’ rights); rehabilitation proceedings; referrals to other courts for legal interpretation (e.g., the High Court of Cassation and Justice, the Constitutional Court, or the Court of Justice of the European Union); complaints regarding unreasonable length of criminal proceedings. The course combines theoretical foundations with critical analysis, practical applications, and a comparative perspective. Students are encouraged to develop independent reflection, sound legal reasoning, and to integrate European legal norms—both from the European Union and the Council of Europe—into the interpretation and application of domestic law.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Diana Ionescu.

Legal psychology is an optional subject studied in the 2nd year, semester 1. The topics covered in the course are selected from the field of forensic psychology. The lectures and discussions cover areas of criminal law, family law or criminal execution law that are also studied in the field of psychology. We delve deeper into human criminal behavior and methods of modifying human behavior; we discuss sexual deviances that can lead to the commission of sexual crimes, we clarify the role of the forensic psychologist expert in the judicial expertise they perform. Other discussion topics covered in the course and seminars are related to witness memory, detection of simulated behavior and explanations related to the phenomenon of domestic violence. During the seminar hours we do practical, interactive exercises and sometimes tasks in which we work in teams. Teaching methods almost always involve interaction, critical thinking and constructive dispute.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Gabriela Groza.

The course aims to deepen students’ general knowledge related to real estate publicity, acquired during the study of Property Law (Year II). Real estate publicity is approached as a specific form of legal publicity, and its practical utility is highlighted by the means of a constant connection with other civil law main subjects. In addition to offering the opportunity to revisit key concepts of civil law, such as the enforceability of contracts against third parties, the types of knowledge and their relevance in analyzing the effectiveness of contracts, the course proposes the examination of issues with practical significance: What information does a land register contain? How does one “read” a land register? What is the legal relevance of its content from the perspective of third parties and of the holder of the registered right? What are the land register actions and what types of situations are involved in land register litigation?

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Mihai David.

The course Current Issues of Tortious Civil Liability is an optional course within both Private Law Institutions and European and National Business Law Master’s Programs , in the second semester. Continuing the chapter dedicated to civil liability studied within the course on General Theory of Civil Obligations, from the second year, the course addresses, first, the current trends that the doctrine and jurisprudence manifest in the assessment of the general and special conditions of civil liability. Secondly, the course deals with special liability rules and regimes, which raise issues of integration into the classical theory of civil liability, such as: the liability and insurance regime for traffic accidents, liability for environmental damage, media intrusion and reputational damage, moral damage of legal entities, liability for artificial intelligence, civil liability in sports competitions, civil liability for professional malpractice, liability for judicial errors, personal data protection, liability for cybersecurity breaches, but also special cases of exoneration of liability (the business judgment rule in corporate law, the knock-for-knock regime in energy law, developmental risk in product liability, etc.).

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Adina-Nora Buciuman.

The optional course of Matrimonial Property Regimes is studied in the 3rd year of study, 2nd semester. According to the law, each marriage has, from the moment of its cellebretion, a matrimonial property regime, i.e. a set of legal rules governing the relations between the spouses, as well as the relations between the spouses, on the one hand, and third persons, on the other hand, in relation to the property and debts of the spouses. A marriage’s concrete matrimonial regim can be either the default legal regime of community of property or a conventional regime chosen by the spouses through a marriage agreement.  Lectures and discussions aim to familiarize students with the fundamental categories of this subject, to provide guidance and a frame of reference for understanding and applying the subject-specific knowledge.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Emese Florian.

The optional Legal writing course, for second year law students, is meant to familiarize students with the written rules and customs of academic writing, drafting contracts, drafting legislation and the rules of efficient written communication targeted towards the judiciary. The presentations and practical exercises tend to familiarize students with the demands of efficient written communication in several areas of legal practice. These skills are useful both during undergraduate studies, for writing presentations and the graduation dissertation, as well as in their professional lives, when the future law graduates will be called upon to draft contracts, regulations, petitions and responses.

The course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Marius Floare.

The Sociology of Law course is an optional course designed for first-year students.
Its aim is to familiarize students with the relationship between legal norms and the social realities in which they operate. The course offers an introduction to the main concepts, methods, and research directions in the sociology of law, emphasizing an understanding of how law functions as a social phenomenon. Topics covered include: the object and methods of the sociology of law; legal socialization; social control—with discussions on conformity, obedience to authority, and the formal and informal mechanisms through which society regulates behavior; deviance; prejudice and discrimination; the sociology of the legal process; and the sociology of the family.During seminars, students will analyze case studies, empirical research, and examples from jurisprudence that illustrate the interaction between legal norms and social dynamics.This knowledge is essential for legal professionals who wish to understand not only the letter of the law but also its concrete impact on social life.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Arthur Mihăilă.

The course of General Theory of Law is a compulsory course which aims to study law as a whole, its systemic components, legal institutions and fundamental principles. Starting from the scientific research of law, by filtering the concepts of objective law and positive law, by presenting the normative perspective and legal responsibility, the course uses familiar mechanisms and methods: questioning, problematisation, abstraction, generalisation, exemplification, which allow an adequate overview of the legal field, both as a set of legal rules and as an institutional system, but also as an applied projection in the diversity of legal relations.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Septimiu Ioan Puț.

The English Legal Terminology Seminar is an optional course designed for first-year students. Its primary objective is to introduce students to key concepts relevant to the common law system. The first part of the seminar examines the differences between civil law and common law systems and outlines the principles underlying the common law tradition. The second part focuses on presenting and clarifying the most significant terms drawn from various branches of British and American law. The seminar is intended to support the accurate understanding and use of English legal language, as well as to provide students with a basic familiarity with the British and American legal systems.

This seminar is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Arthur Mihăilă and Assist. Prof. PhD Laura Lazăr.                    

The French legal terminology is a facultative course for the fourth year of study. The course aims to familiarize the students with basic concepts of the legal French terminology, useful in the research activity, especially for the ones intending to continue their studies at masteral or doctoral level. It also aims to develop the students’ ability to use the French legal terminology when they explain concepts or rules, offer answers to practical problems, or draft clauses, contracts or other legal documents.  The course will address the terminology in the field of civil and commercial law, including company law, family and successions law, and in the field of international business law and of internal and European procedural law.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Elena Alina Oprea.

Romanian-Hungarian legal terminology aims to familiarise first-year students with the specific Romanian and Hungarian legal language of the Romanian legal system. The course covers key concepts in constitutional, civil, criminal, administrative, European and international law, emphasising the structural and lexical differences between the two languages  and providing an introduction to the study of law. It also offers a comparative perspective on the legal systems of Romania and Hungary, providing insight into the differences between systems predominantly inspired by French and German law, respectively. Through studying terminology in both languages, students will develop their ability to translate and interpret legal texts while gaining an understanding of the cultural and institutional context of the terms. There is an emphasis on terminological equivalents and the correct use of terms in official documents, legislation and case law. Practical activities include analysing legislation, court decisions and legal literature. This course is ideal for students intending to pursue a career in legal translation, international law, or comparative law studies.

This course is taught by Réka Laczkó.