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The aim of this discipline is to familiarize students with how to initiate and conduct actions before the EU Courts, and with the remedies available against the decisions adopted and their enforcement.  At the same time, among the methods used in the seminars, the analysis of the judgments adopted by the EU courts in relation to the principle of dynamic-evolutionary functioning is used, namely the study and analysis of preliminary rulings adopted by the CJEU at the request of the Romanian courts in order to train the ability to invoke exceptions to the preliminary action by the national court. The graduate of this course has the ability to react to the procedural and procedural specificities before the EU Courts, i.e. the preparation to select the appropriate action to refer the case to the EU Courts in different real contexts. The course is held in Hungarian.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Gyula Fábián.

The course is dedicated to the in-depth study of the fundamental institutions of civil procedural law, through an approach that combines theoretical analysis, comparative perspectives, and practical applications. It is an optional course for students enrolled in the master’s programs Institutions of Private Law and European and National Business Law. The general objective of the discipline is to deepen knowledge in civil procedural law, while the specific objectives focus on making comparisons between civil and criminal procedure, comparing state procedure with arbitration, understanding the role of different legal professions in the conduct of civil proceedings, acquiring relevant soft skills in the legal field, and exploring elements of soft law and the concept of digital justice. By attending this course, students will develop a range of competencies, including the application of acquired knowledge in civil procedural law to concrete cases, the ability to conduct advanced comparative law research, managing specific information for solving complex tasks (including  the use of soft skills), and interdisciplinary research abilities. Among the topics addressed are: the principle of party disposition, the prerogatives of the court in applying the principle iura novit curia, the role of the judge in law-making, differences in approach between civil and criminal procedure, arbitration, enforcement, procedural nullities, as well as the influence of artificial intelligence on the judicial system. Through a combination of interactive lectures, case studies, and student presentations, the course provides a framework for critical reflection on the role of courts, lawyers, and other legal professions in the conduct of civil proceedings, while also fostering the development of soft skills essential for legal practitioners.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Andrea Annamaria Chiș.

The Internal and international business contracts is a compulsory course in the National and European Business Law Master’s program, aiming to offer a comprehensive understanding of the rules and principles governing business contracts, including those concluded electronically or concerning digital content or services.  The general part of the course will delve into topics like choice of law agreements, jurisdiction and arbitration agreements, standard terms and conflicting business standard terms, risks, liability and mitigation of damages. The special part of the course will address some of the most current business contracts – distribution, franchising, agency, leasing, factoring, autonomous guarantees, covering their formation, the rights and obligations of parties, and how they are enforced or breached. Special emphasize will be on peculiar clauses enforcing parties’ rights or mitigating various risks associated with internal or international trade.

The course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Elena Alina Oprea.

The Administrative Contracts discipline aims to develop a general theory of administrative contracts, the distinction between these contracts and other administrative acts and operations, the contribution of administrative contracts to the administrative legal system, but also to identify the level of application of European Union law in the matter, along with highlighting the specifics of Romanian law on administrative contracts. The special part of the course aims to present and explain specific entities, such as the public procurement contract, common award procedures, the concession contract [regulated by Law no. 100/2016], the domain concession contract, funeral concessions, but also the prospection of possible extra-patrimonial administrative contracts.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Paul Vasilescu.

The course addresses theoretical and practical aspects of cybercrime. The main targeted competencies concern the acquisition and appropriate use of fundamental concepts in the field of preventing, combating and investigating cybercrime; identification of legal norms from the Romanian and European legal systems and the main international legal instruments regarding cybercrime; correct application of techniques and tools specific to the field of study of cybercrime, in order to adequately answer fundamental questions: what are the types of cybercrime (attacks)? who commits cyberattacks? what laws prohibit these attacks? what are the risks posed by cyberattacks? how can cyberattacks be prevented?

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Ioana Vasiu.

The course Commercial Law – Contemporary Issues is taught as part of the Master’s degree in Private Law Institutions. A sequential approach is proposed, consisting of identifying current issues in commercial law, followed by the exegesis of legislative texts and the application of the knowledge acquired in the course in practical activity. For example, the course discusses complex and current issues related to insolvency proceedings, business financing or corporate law.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Sergiu Golub.

The course aims, as part of the master’s degree in Romanian dedicated to European Law and National Business Law, to consolidate and develop the skills acquired in the “Bachelor” study cycle with regarding the European rules applicable in the field of competition, by knowing how the European competition rules are harmonizes with international legal and economic instruments, European, conventional and national that may have relevance in the field of competition, by the development of research activities in the field of law European competition, taking into account the current state of the doctrine, by the requirements of practitioners and the labor market, ensuring developing the competence to work individually or in a team to develop some doctrinal syntheses, analysis of legislative changes and their consequences in practice, commenting on the decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the field of European law the competition.

The course is taught by Prof. PhD Sergiu Deleanu.

The first part of the course introduces the regulatory framework of the EU internal market. It provides an overview of the free movement of goods, as well as the rights and status of workers from other EU Member States. The freedom of establishment and the freedom to provide services are analysed primarily from the perspectives of lawyers and companies. Within the context of the free movement of capital, the course also examines the instruments that protect foreign investments within the EU. The second part of the course focuses on EU competition law, emphasising the links between competition law and the four economic freedoms. It reviews the prohibition of agreements that restrict competition (cartels), the prohibition of the abuse of a dominant position and the regulation of state aid and state-owned enterprises within the EU. Teaching is largely based on active student participation, involving the analysis, presentation and discussion of judgements of the Court of Justice of the European Union. The course is held in Hungarian.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Király Miklós.

The course aims to provide graduate students with a comprehensive exploration of the European system for the protection of intellectual property. It will address both the European directives designed to harmonize the national legislations of the Member States—particularly in the field of copyright—and the unitary protection mechanisms established at Union level in the areas of trademarks, inventions, industrial designs, and models. At the same time, the course will examine the concepts and instruments through which the principles and rules of European Union law are made compatible with national legal systems of intellectual property protection, thereby offering an integrated perspective on the interaction between Union legislation and domestic law. Through this approach, students will acquire the ability to develop an in-depth understanding of the logic and mechanisms of European intellectual property law, as well as the practical competences necessary to operate as specialists in the field.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Kocsis Jozsef.

This course is taught within the Master’s program Private Law Institutions. The course is taught entirely in English. The course and seminars will emphasize the following aspects: presentation of the transsystemic method of approaching property law (a way of knowing and understanding the law – a way of approaching it focused on the dialogue between legal systems, and less on a comparative study); presentation of the French legal system in the field of real rights, as well as the specific civil procedure; presentation of the French legal system in the field of real rights, as well as the specific civil procedure; presentation of the German and Austrian legal systems in the field of real rights, as well as specific civil procedure; presentation of the Dutch and Belgian legal systems in the field of real rights and specific casuistry; presentation of the Spanish and Italian legal systems in the field of real rights (cases and cases); presentation of the common law system – English law, history and origins, comparison with continental law; presentation of the Scottish and Irish legal systems; the property law system in the USA (the special case of the state of Louisiana); the concept of property rights (continental approach, respectively common law; numerus clausus); possession viewed transsystemically; limitations of property rights, easements, rights not found in other systems (ancestral rights, emphyteoses, etc.); dismemberments of property rights viewed transsystemically and usucapion (specific cases); trust and fiduciary (treuhand).

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Liviu-Marius Harosa.

The course in Enforceable Criminal Law within the Law Master’s Degree – Criminal and Forensic Sciences aims to familiarize students with the regulations, institutions, and specific procedures for the enforcement of criminal sanctions, both custodial and non-custodial. The course addresses topics such as prison regimes, the rights and obligations of persons deprived of liberty, conditional release, detention conditions, strategies for reducing recidivism, and the probation system, building upon knowledge previously acquired in criminal law and criminal procedure law. Evaluation is conducted through an open-book written exam, with an emphasis on practical case analysis and knowledge of relevant legislation and case law.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Ioana Curt.

The European Tax Law course, taught in English, is integrated into the International and Comparative Business Law master’s program. The connection is natural, because businesses and business decisions depend, irremediably, on a significant tax component. This course addresses the major themes of the European tax construction, but also tries to provide a comparative experience and to complement the presentation with elements of international tax law. It is natural that this should be so because in recent decades the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has become the engine of tax legislation worldwide, and the organization’s policies are also reflected in European legislation. Also, in the presentations and practical workshops we focus on topics of maximum interest such as taxation of the digital economy, taxation of robots and artificial intelligence, taxation of multinational companies, tax competition, ecological taxation, the issue of taxpayers’ rights in relation to cooperation obligations, the fight against tax evasion and fraud, and others. Master’s students are encouraged to carry out in-depth research, both controlled (on discussion topics chosen by the tenured professor) and free, on topics of interest from professional or scientific activity (including the use of personal experience from the jurisdiction of origin – Italy, France, Spain, Nigeria, Kurdistan). In fact, some articles extracted from the results of scientific research are constantly published in the Cluj Tax Forum Journal.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Cosmin Flavius ​​Costaș.

The course introduces students to the institutions of the legal environment of the information-based economy, which are the most important points of reference for businesses. It presents the history and system of institutions and regulations in both the Hungarian and EU legal systems. It interprets concepts and doctrines, familiarizes students with regulatory enforcement practices, and provides information on the necessary adaptation measures in the corporate environment. The main topics for discussion are: EU policy on the information society. EU regulations on the data economy and data governance. Data protection legislation. GDPR. Copyright as an institutional system for the protection of digital content. 5.    E-commerce legislation and platform regulation. Regulatory framework for cybersecurity. Trust services (electronic signature, electronic seal, time stamp, archiving). The course is provided in Hungarian.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Balogh Zsolt György.

The European Private International Law course is taught within the Private Law Institutions Master’s programme. Private International Law can also be seen as a “law of distances”, of the distances of the legal systems between them and of the traditions they embody and compare, of the distances between the private relationship (Sachverhalt) subject to legal localization and the legal systems with which it has close links. Private law systems differ, sometimes substantially, from each other, in terms of content and method of regulation. Even the codifications belonging to countries whose tradition is integrated into the great Romano-Germanic family, have notable differences. In other words, the “distances” that separate them are often greater than the strictly geographical ones. For example, Romanian private law is closer “in legal distance” to French law than to Austrian or German law, even if, geographically, France is further from Romania than Austria or Germany. On the other hand, private international law offers a new dimension of movement to the person. It is the one that unleashes the person, allowing him to escape from the “pen” of the national legislator, offering him the possibility of choosing the applicable law. Man is a relationship, being called to seek his own proximity, to choose it according to his thinking and spirit. His belonging cannot be “irrevocably dictated” either by the fact of birth in a certain place, or by the national civic spirit, or even by his linguistic motherhood. He is born on a “national” territory (without being, however, sentimentally national at the moment of birth), is “allocated” and educated “nationally”, but dies universally. He is born and dies universally. Even if we have lived “sedentary”, on the same territory, in the same language and culture, we leave this world detached from them. The course aims to provide a systemic and systematic analysis of all private law institutions viewed from the perspective of conflicts of laws in space, conflicts of jurisdiction and the recognition of foreign judgments, respectively the acceptance of foreign authentic acts. In relation to the specifics of the course, specific elements of European Union law are also addressed, such as the European certificate of inheritance.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Dan Andrei Popescu.

Business Criminal Law studies that category of norms which determines the facts that constitute a crime in the respective field of activity: the offences provided by Companies Law no. 31/1990; customs offences provided for by Law 86/2006 on the Customs Code; tax evasion and similar crimes from Law no. 241/2005 for preventing and combating tax evasion; offences provided by the Fiscal Code; crimes against the financial interests of the European Union. During the course, other categories of crimes in the field of business, the criminal code or other special laws, will be addressed and analyzed. The evaluation of students consists of a first stage of public advocacy during the semester of a research topic and then writing a written scientific report on that topic at the end of the course.

This course is taught by Prof. Phd Sergiu Bogdan.

That there is no EU Criminal Code or Criminal Procedure Code to turn or address in cross-border case. An answer to these cases is to be found in the ECL (EU Criminal Law), namely a body of legal instruments and supporting EU-level actors influencing and facilitating the work of national criminal justice actors. Therefore, ECL is both substantive and procedural law, with a focus being given to mutual recognition and to the role and functioning of Europol, Eurojust and the European Public Prosecutor’s Office are clarified. The course is divided into several modules -substantive criminal law (EU specific area of crimes and certain substantive law institutions, e.g. confiscation), procedural law (EU Directives on procedural rights), mutual recognition (from the investigative stage to sentence execution to taking account of prior convictions during new criminal proceedings) and the role and functioning of Europol, Eurojust and the European Public Prosecutor’s Office are clarified.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Daniel Nițu.

The course is dedicated to understanding the regulatory framework of European civil procedural law and familiarizing students with the main mechanisms of judicial cooperation in civil and commercial matters. It is an optional course for students enrolled in the master’s program European Union Private Law (in Hungarian). The general objective of the discipline is to understand the specific regulations of European civil procedure, while the specific objectives include: knowledge of the main legal instruments in force, use of the European e-Justice Portal and the ReJust portal, application of guidelines and handbooks on judicial cooperation in civil and commercial matters, as well as an in-depth study of Regulation (EU) No. 1215/2012 (“Brussels I bis”) on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters. By attending this course, students will develop competences in applying European civil procedural law to concrete cases, the ability to use European and national electronic tools, as well as skills in managing complex information, including the use of the Hungarian language at an advanced level. Among the topics addressed are: jurisdiction of courts under the Brussels I bis Regulation, lis pendens and related actions, recognition and enforcement of judgments within the EU, mediation in cross-border disputes, as well as the relationship between European and national rules in civil procedure. Through a combination of interactive lectures, the use of electronic platforms, discussions, and student presentations, the course provides a practical and critical framework for understanding judicial cooperation mechanisms at European level.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Andrea Annamaria Chiș.

This optional course comprises two main parts: the first is dedicated to the analysis of permits issued in the field of real estate (primarily building permits, but also those for the legalization of illegally constructed buildings, as well as demolition permits). The subject is analyzed primarily from a procedural perspective (both the issuance of these permits and their challenge before administrative courts). The second part focuses on the analysis of trade permits, both those that target the general activity of the trader and those specific to certain activities (waste, radioactive materials, gambling, etc.).

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Ovidiu Podaru.

The course addresses theoretical and practical aspects of e-commerce, cybersecurity, and artificial intelligence law. The main competencies targeted regard the correct application of techniques and tools specific to the field of study, with a view to adequately answer fundamental aspects: what are the e-commerce models; legal requirements regarding e-commerce; the use of artificial intelligence; protection of personal data and intellectual property; types of cyberattacks and how they can be prevented. The course also aims to ensure the appropriate use of concepts and theories in the field, to explain and interpret national, European and international legal texts (legal norms).

The course is taught by Prof. PhD Ioana Vasiu

This topic represents a mandatory course in the Master’s program in International and Comparative Business Law, in English, which aims to improve knowledge of corporate law and corporate restructuring, through a comparative study compared to other important legal systems, mainly using national reports structured on the specifics of the USA, UK, France, Germany, Japan, Poland. Starting from case studies published in internationally edited books, the course will ensure cooperation and a participatory discourse between professor and students, based on practical applications in comparison with Romanian law. Topics addressed consist in the separation of management and control in the structure of enterprises, the specifics of the main corporate governance systems, the obligations and responsibilities of administrators and directors, piercing the corporate veil, the protection of minority shareholders, abuses of majority and equality, the mergers and acquisitions process, restructuring in case of difficulty of enterprises, etc.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Radu N. Catană. For some courses and at a certain extent, there will be guest invited among the well reputed professionals in some topics.

This course is a compulsory subject in the Master’s program European and National Business Law, in Romanian language. It aims to improve knowledge and practical skills in the fields of company law, corporate governance, corporate financing, as well as businesses in difficulty. The teaching method is practice-oriented, with elements of comparative law, case-based learning, and the involvement of guest professionals from the field. Among the topics to be mentioned are at least: Transparency on the capital market, market abuse, mergers and acquisitions, legal issues of companies in difficulty, restructurings and recoveries, corporate governance and soft law applicable to issuing companies, including state-owned enterprises, liability of administrators and directors, shareholders’ rights and their abusive exercise, financing of start-up companies, legal functioning of multilateral platforms, protection of minority shareholders, the reinvention of companies as organizations.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Radu N. Catană. For some courses and at a certain extent, there will be guest invited among the well reputed professionals in some topics.

Within the International and Comparative Business Law master’s program, the Energy Law course is taught in English. At the general objective level, the course aims to familiarize students with the legal elements of an issue that is at the center of the global, regional and national agenda. Therefore, at the end of this course, students will be able to critically evaluate national, regional and international decisions and ICSID jurisprudence in the field of energy law. They will also be able to understand complex practical situations and form or express a well-founded opinion on the role of energy and energy security in the current economic, legal and geo-political context.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. Cătălin Gabriel Stănescu.

This Master’s level course discusses the current evolutions in EU and comparative administrative law, focusing on the relationship between law and public management within the context of public procurement and state aid. The course aims to familiarize students with public procurement concepts, developing their ability to critically recognize and apply the law. It prepares students to evaluate applicable norms for achieving public policy objectives. Key topics include general contract theory, legal framework of public procurement in Romania, institutional framework, legal regime of litigation in public procurement, public procurement outside EU Directives, concession contracts, awarding contracts, contract execution, contract termination, public-private partnerships. As to state aid law, the course will cover definition and scope of state aid, prohibition of state aid and exceptions, the role of the european commission and procedures, specific categories of state aid, judicial review.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Dacian Cosmin Dragoș.

The course’s main objective is to familiarize students with the rules and provisions applicable to contracts at the European level, as well as with the European jurisdictional norms governing contractual disputes. The course aims at providing knowledge on resolving contractual disputes (determining the applicable law and the competent court), as well as on applying substantive European contract law rules. It also addresses comparative perspectives on contracts in EU member states, regulations on consumer contracts and digital content transfers, as well as relevant soft law instruments in the field. Students will develop the ability to provide legal advice and consultancy in the field of European contract law, as well as practical skills for resolving disputes with cross-border elements.

The course is taught by Prof. PhD Ionuț Florin Popa.

This course aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the interaction between artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and the law, with a special focus on relevant European Union regulations. It introduces the fundamental concepts of AI and machine learning, their legal implications, and the importance of explainability and transparency in algorithmic decision-making. Students will become familiar with key EU regulations and directives on AI and will develop the ability to apply this knowledge in the legal assessment of real-world situations. The course emphasizes a legal perspective in understanding and interpreting AI technologies. The course is held in Hungarian.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Nimród Mike.

The European Family Law course is designed for Master’s students specializing in Private Law of the European Union  (in Hungarian).  It focuses on issues of concern to the cross-border family matters (such as divorce, parental responsibility), given the fact that the foreign element may involve difficulties regarding jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of court decisions. The course utilizes a combination of lectures, case studies, and discussions, highlighting norms and instruments at European level, with a particular emphasis on the relevant jurisprudence in the field. 

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Emese Florian.

The EU Employment Law in the Digital Age is a compulsory course in the Master’s programme International and Comparative Business Law, in English. Starting from the analysis of the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights, the lectures and heuristic conversation, together with practical applications, will provide students with a solid foundation of knowledge about the European framework applicable to the employment relationship, focusing on the concept of freedom, algorithmic management and artificial intelligence of freedom, protection of the interest of labour action, public labour protection. The course also explores the transnational posting of workers in the EU and collective dismissals.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Felicia Roșioru.

The aim of the course is to familiarize students with the history of social policy and labor law in the European Union to the present day and to introduce them to the different areas of law. Lectures will cover the right to equal treatment, labour law rules on company restructuring, European legislation on atypical employment relationships, provisions on working conditions (e.g. organization of working time) and free movement of workers. In addition to the legal rules specific to each area, the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union in this area is presented and analyzed. The course is held in Hungarian.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Berke Gyula. 

The course Corporate Law and Corporate Governance is taught in English as part of the Master’s program in International and Comparative Business Law. The general objective is to facilitate students’ understanding of corporate governance principles and their specific application in the particular areas of takeover bids and mergers, respectively the structural changes that may occur at the level of companies in such situations and the legal means of protecting shareholders. At the end of this course, students will be able to analyze the different existing corporate governance structures, the legal mechanisms of takeover bids and mergers, as well as evaluate the economic opportunity of these operations.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Cristoph Van der Elst.

The European Union’s priority objective of sustainable development, which is based on the close link between economic development, social policy and environmental protection, cannot be achieved without a high level of protection and improvement of the quality of the environment. The course will present the international sustainable development agendas that provide the framework for EU environmental policy, the documents developed under the auspices of the United Nations, as well as the European Union’s sustainable development agendas, in particular the European Environmental Agreement and its recent developments. The aim of the course is to present the development of environmental policy, which is currently at the heart of the European Union’s policies, the need and means of establishing EU competence, as well as the role and particularities of environmental policy and law integration. During the course, students will learn about the basic objectives, principles, key areas, regulations, the institutional framework, the implementation obligations of Member States and the role of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the development of environmental policy and legislation and the enforcement of environmental law. The course is held in Hungarian.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Horváth Zsuzsanna Edit.

The course offers an in-depth analysis of key institutions of general criminal law – including the temporal application of criminal law, omission in criminal law, causation, multiple offenses, mediated perpetration, sanctioning of minors, corporate liability and more. The approach requires a correlated study of multiple institutions (for example, the temporal application of criminal law in cases of multiple offenses), a level of analysis that cannot be achieved in undergraduate courses. The course also includes a research component, with master’s students expected to present a research paper during seminars.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Florin Streteanu.

The discipline Criminal Procedure Institutions is dedicated to deepening the science of Criminal Procedure. In this course, debates are focused mainly on aspects that raise difficulties in the interpretation and application of criminal procedure norms. As a science, Criminal Procedure is a plurality of visions on a subject that is not homogeneous and that develops and enriches continuously, whatever the spirit that inspires it and the modalities that structure it. Regardless of the orientation of the legislator, Criminal Procedure plays a role that is specific to it in terms of setting the manner in which the various judicial functions come into play and in its regulatory object. Currently, the importance of the subject is underlined by the developments in criminal doctrine and jurisprudence, which place Criminal Procedure in a fundamental position within the legal sciences. The interest in this discipline is stimulated both by the numerous legislative changes and the binding jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court and the High Court of Cassation and Justice, which have intervened in cascade, as well as by the latest developments in the field of crime.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Gheorghiță Mateuț.

The course Fundamental Rights and Criminal Law is part of the Master’s program in Criminal Sciences and Forensics and takes place during the first semester of the first year. Its main objective is to examine the intersection between fundamental rights protection mechanisms and criminal law, especially concerning the state’s positive obligations and the boundaries of legitimate penal intervention. Through lectures and topic-based debates, the course offers a critical approach to relevant case law from the European Court of Human Rights, the Court of Justice of the European Union, and the Constitutional Court, focusing on themes such as: positive obligations to protect life, freedom of expression, privacy protection, discrimination-related offences, and the legality of criminalization in special contexts. Students are encouraged to engage with these topics not only from a normative point of view but also through doctrinal and jurisprudential analysis, by drafting essays on assigned topics. Emphasis is placed on understanding the interplay between constitutional, European, and criminal protections of fundamental rights, while fostering critical thinking and an independent perspective on the role of criminal law in a democratic society.

The course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Radu Chiriță.

The course Protection of Vulnerable Persons is an optional course within the Master’s degree in Private Law Institutions. The course is structured in two parts. The first addresses the legal means of protecting adults affected by various disabilities, while the second part focuses on issues concerning the legal protection of minors. The course deals with the protection of vulnerable adults according to the principles established in international conventions and reflected in recent amendments to national civil legislation, as well as with concrete application issues reported in courts decisions. A significant part of the discussions focuses on the comparative analysis of various legislative solutions adopted in the legal systems of other states. Regarding minors, the course focuses on the protective objectives of legal rules and procedures, emphasizing the need for an interdisciplinary approach (psychological and legal) to solve specific problems concerning children.

The course is taught by Prof. PhD Dan Andrei Popescu.

The course Current Issues of Tortious Civil Liability is an optional course within Private Law Institutions Master’s Program. Continuing the chapter dedicated to tortious civil liability studied within the course on General Theory of Civil Obligations, from the second year, the course addresses, first, the current trends that the doctrine and jurisprudence manifest in the assessment of the general and special conditions of tortious civil liability. Secondly, the course deals with special liability rules and regimes, which raise issues of integration into the classical theory of civil liability, such as: the liability and insurance regime for traffic accidents, liability for environmental damage, civil liability for press damage, moral damage of legal entities, liability for artificial intelligence, civil liability in sports competitions, civil liability for professional malpractice, liability for judicial errors, but also special cases of exoneration of liability (the business judgment rule in corporate law, the knock-for-knock regime in energy law, developmental risk in product liability, etc.).

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Adina-Nora Buciuman.

This course deals with the core issues of the three main pillars of EU competition law system: the cartel prohibition, the prohibition of abuse of dominance, and merger control. The focus is placed on the latest legislative and case-law developments in the field. The ongoing modernization process of EU competition law is discussed with a view to clarify, among others, the following issues: the dynamic goals that competition law may support; the place of competition law in the context of current regulatory trends; the newly developed enforcement priorities; the role of domestic competition authorities and courts; the impact of digitalization on competition law, etc. Especially with regard to the latter aspect, the relevance of the Digital Markets Act is discussed. The aim of the course is to provide the students a concise, yet in-depth view on the values, objectives, substantive rules and enforcement mechanisms of EU competition law. Furthermore, the course is meant to shed light on how the behavior of undertakings is scrutinized by the EU and domestic competition authorities. Also, important aspects of how undertakings design their market tactics in order to avoid infringing the substantive rules are dealt with. At the end of this course, the students will be able to: critically evaluate the case-law of the Courts in the field of competition law; solve complex practical situations entailing competition law issues; understand the relationship between EU and domestic authorities when applying EU competition law rules; understand the relationship between the traditional competition law rules and mechanisms and novel instruments such as the Digital Markets Act and the Foreign Subsidies Regulation. Last but not least, at the end of this course the students will be able to form a well-reasoned opinion on the role of competition systems in today’s society.

This course is taught in English by Assoc. Prof. PhD Cătălin Rusu.

Within the European and National Business Law master’s program, the course on National and European Taxation Issues aims to provide a theoretical and practical foray into the vast world of taxation. The organization of the course involves the prior selection of discussion topics, which can, however, be supplemented at the request of the master’s students (especially with practical problems deriving from their professional activity). Students are encouraged to use the resources provided and to express, in the forum, their own opinion on a problem, capitalizing on the doctrine and national and European jurisprudence, respectively. The discussion topics cover a vast area, ranging from discussions on the necessary reform of tax litigation courts or the choice of the most appropriate taxation system to contemporary tax optimization and the remodeling of concepts generated by the expansion of the digital economy. The course encourages advanced research activity, aimed at writing an original specialized paper that respects scientific rigor (and which can be published in the Cluj Tax Forum Journal).

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Cosmin Flavius ​​Costaș.

The practice of inheritance law is marked by internationalization, as well as the impact of new family behaviors and new technologies. The share of movable goods and virtual assets in the inheritance mass is increasing. These have changed the way in which fortunes are made of and transmitted mortis causa. Consequently, the course and seminar focus on the in-depth analysis of new issues and current trends in inheritance practice, with permanent references to comparative law.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Mircea Dan Bob-Bocșan.

The course ‛Comparative Criminal Procedure’ focuses on the study of criminal procedure models across various legal systems using the comparative method. Emphasis is placed on understanding the differences between continental (civil law) systems and Anglo-American (common law) systems, as well as on analysing the particularities of criminal justice in communist, post-communist, and transitional states. Students will examine the structure of criminal proceedings, the roles of key actors (judges, prosecutors, defence lawyers), the stages of the process, and the legal culture specific to each model. With a specific focus, the systems of criminal procedure of England, France, Italy and Romania are presented. The course also explores the influence of European Union law and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights on the harmonisation of criminal procedure in European states. The course combines theoretical exposition with case studies, doctrinal research, and critical reflection. It encourages the development of comparative analysis skills, contextual legal interpretation, and the formulation of solutions aligned with the values of the rule of law. Special attention is given to the development of research skills specific to the legal field.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Diana Ionescu.

The course Current Issues of Tortious Civil Liability is an optional course within both Private Law Institutions and European and National Business Law Master’s Programs , in the second semester. Continuing the chapter dedicated to civil liability studied within the course on General Theory of Civil Obligations, from the second year, the course addresses, first, the current trends that the doctrine and jurisprudence manifest in the assessment of the general and special conditions of civil liability. Secondly, the course deals with special liability rules and regimes, which raise issues of integration into the classical theory of civil liability, such as: the liability and insurance regime for traffic accidents, liability for environmental damage, media intrusion and reputational damage, moral damage of legal entities, liability for artificial intelligence, civil liability in sports competitions, civil liability for professional malpractice, liability for judicial errors, personal data protection, liability for cybersecurity breaches, but also special cases of exoneration of liability (the business judgment rule in corporate law, the knock-for-knock regime in energy law, developmental risk in product liability, etc.).

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Adina-Nora Buciuman.

The Law of Restitutions course is a compulsory course for the Master’s program Private Law Institutions. The lectures and heuristic conversation, together with practical applications, will provide students with a solid foundation of knowledge about the regime of the obligation to restitution enshrined in the Civil Code, focusing on the influence of retroactivity and good and bad faith on the duty of restitution, the correlation with unjust enrichment and undue payment. The course also explores the differences between normal and abnormal restitutions, in kind and in money, the interest applicable to restitutions, the compensation for the use of the property subject to restitution, and the value adjustment of the duty of restitution.

This course is taught by Assoc. Prof. PhD Felicia Roșioru.

The course The Legal Regime of Industrial Property aims to provide master’s students with an in-depth understanding of the regulations and legal mechanisms that govern the protection of industrial property rights. The emphasis will be placed on the analysis of the procedures for registering distinctive signs as trademarks, as well as on the examination of the rights and prerogatives conferred on the holder following registration. The curriculum will include a comparative analysis between the national trademark protection system, established by Law No. 84/1998, and the Union system, regulated by Regulation (EU) 2017/1001 on the European Union trademark. The extensive case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, which has significantly contributed to the consolidation and clarification of these protection systems, will be used. The course is not limited to the field of trademarks, but also addresses the legal regime of industrial designs and models, as well as that of patents. These topics will be treated both from the perspective of national regulations and in the context of the European legislative framework, offering an integrated and applicative vision of the protection of industrial property rights. Through this course, master’s students will acquire the necessary skills to operate professionally in the field of industrial property, as specialized lawyers.

This course is taught by Senior Lect. PhD Kocsis Jozsef.

The course International Benchmarks in Contractual Obligations is part of the Master’s program International and Comparative Business Law. Its aim is to provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary to understand and apply the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and to analyze the rules of international jurisdiction in the field of international sales. The course aims both at building a solid theoretical foundation regarding international sales contracts and at developing the ability to apply the rules of the Vienna Convention in practical situations, through the study of case law. Students will be able to provide legal advice in the field of international sales of goods and to address highly complex cases in international commercial litigation.

The course is taught by Prof. PhD Ionuț Florin Popa.

The course International Standards in Contractual Obligations is part of the master’s program International and Comparative Business Law. It aims to provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary to understand and apply the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and to analyze the rules of international jurisdiction in the context of international sales. The course focuses both on acquiring a solid theoretical foundation regarding international sales contracts and on developing the ability to apply the CISG rules in practical situations through the study of case law. Students will be able to provide legal advice in the field of international sales of goods and handle complex cases in international commercial litigation.

The course is taught by Prof. PhD Ionuț Florin Popa.

The legal community of the member states of international organisations based in Europe, primarily the Council of Europe, and the law of the former European economic integration – the present-day European Union – have developed over several decades and have now become interoperable in many respects, functioning in an interrelated and mutually linked manner. The rules governing individuals and the extensive case law of the courts in Strasbourg and Luxembourg provide the broadest potential for ‘interoperability’ between international organisations and the need and necessity for mutual reference. Individuals, human beings enjoy protection under all legal systems – in addition to domestic law, by international law on the European stage, and with a slight delay, by European Union law. The course aims to present the phenomena underlying the European legal institutions that regulate individuals’ position, and to make the possibilities for enforcing related human and fundamental rights understandable and manageable through their analysis. The course is held in Hungarian.

This course is taught by Prof. PhD Szalayné Sándor Erzsébet.